This working paper assesses gaps in the current state of research knowledge and defines priorities for promoting silviculture with native Brazilian species. The paper identifies the studies carried out in Brazil on silviculture with native tree species, defines the main research gaps, and proposes research priorities to be supported by an R&D Platform. It also quantifies the investment required to promote the proposed research and to overcome the barriers identified in the gap analysis, quantifies the benefits of the R&D Platform in the short, medium, and long term, and quantifies the optimum economic scale to justify investments, based on market demand for tropical timber and gains in economic, social and environmental development.